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        The correlation of atomic configurations, especially the degree of disorder (DOD) of amorphous solids with properties, is an important area of ​​interest in materials science and condensed matter physics due to the difficulty of determining the exact positions of atoms in three-dimensional structures1,2,3,4. , An old mystery, 5. To this end, 2D systems provide insight into the mystery by allowing all atoms to be directly displayed 6,7. Direct imaging of an amorphous monolayer of carbon (AMC) grown by laser deposition solves the problem of atomic configuration, supporting the modern view of crystallites in glassy solids based on random network theory8. However, the causal relationship between atomic scale structure and macroscopic properties remains unclear. Here we report easy tuning of DOD and conductivity in AMC thin films by changing the growth temperature. In particular, the pyrolysis threshold temperature is key for growing conductive AMCs with a variable range of medium order jumps (MRO), while raising the temperature by 25°C causes the AMCs to lose MRO and become electrically insulating, increasing the resistance of the sheet material in 109 times. In addition to visualizing highly distorted nanocrystallites embedded in continuous random networks, atomic resolution electron microscopy revealed the presence/absence of MRO and temperature-dependent nanocrystallite density, two order parameters proposed for a comprehensive description of DOD. Numerical calculations established the conductivity map as a function of these two parameters, directly relating the microstructure to the electrical properties. Our work represents an important step towards understanding the relationship between the structure and properties of amorphous materials at a fundamental level and paves the way for electronic devices using two-dimensional amorphous materials.
       All relevant data generated and/or analyzed in this study are available from the respective authors upon reasonable request.
       The code is available on GitHub (https://github.com/vipandyc/AMC_Monte_Carlo; https://github.com/ningustc/AMCProcessing).
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        This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1400500, 2018YFA0305800, 2019YFA0307800, 2020YFF01014700, 2017YFA0206300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1932153, 51872285, 11974001, 22075001, 11974024, 11874359, 92165101, 11974388, 51991344) , Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2192022, Z190011), Beijing Distinguished Young Scientist Program (BJJWZYJH01201914430039), Guangdong Provincial Key Area Research and Development Program (2019B010934001), Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Pilot Program, Grant No. XDB33000000, and China Academy of Sciences Frontier Plan of Key scientific research (QYZDB-SSW-JSC019). JC thanks the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China (JQ22001) for their support. LW thanks the Association for Promoting Youth Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2020009) for their support. Part of the work was carried out in the stable strong magnetic field device of the High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences with the support of the Anhui Province High Magnetic Field Laboratory. Computing resources are provided by Peking University supercomputing platform, Shanghai supercomputing center and Tianhe-1A supercomputer.
       Эти авторы внесли равный вклад: Huifeng Tian, ​​Yinhang Ma, Zhenjiang Li, Mouyang Cheng, Shoucong Ning.
       Huifeng Tian, ​​Zhenjian Li, Juijie Li, PeiChi Liao, Shulei Yu, Shizhuo Liu, Yifei Li, Xinyu Huang, Zhixin Yao, Li Lin, Xiaoxui Zhao, Ting Lei, Yanfeng Zhang, Yanlong Hou and Lei Liu
       School of Physics, Vacuum Physics Key Laboratory, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
       Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
       Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
       Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China